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The primary source of nutrition for the fetus during pregnancy is the placenta. The placenta serves as a critical organ that develops during pregnancy, connecting the mother to the fetus. It allows for the exchange of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus while also removing waste products from the fetal bloodstream. The placenta's vascular structure facilitates this process, ensuring that the fetus receives the necessary nutrients for growth and development directly from maternal blood supply.

While the umbilical cord plays a significant role in transporting nutrients from the placenta to the fetus, it does not produce or store these nutrients itself. Similarly, amniotic fluid serves important functions, such as cushioning the fetus and allowing for movement, but it does not provide nutritional support. Therefore, while maternal blood supply is essential, it is through the placenta that the fetus ultimately receives nutrition, making it the correct answer.